Turkey is a unique country, its shores are washed by 4 seas:
- It's Black in the north,
- in the south, the Mediterranean,
- in the west, the Aegean Sea,
- in the north-west there is a Marble lake.
Each has its own unique flora and fauna, different climatic conditions of the environment and resort areas. The coast of Turkey is uneven, it seems to be cut into large and small cozy coves. The mountainous terrain adds to its charm.
The Black Sea (Karadeniz)
It belongs to the Atlantic Ocean, connected to the Sea of Marmara by the Bosphorus Strait. The coast is slightly indented, there are few islands, and the depth increases rapidly. Due to the low salinity, the fauna is represented by a small number of species. This is also affected by the presence of hydrogen sulfide at a depth of 150 meters.
The uniqueness of the Black Sea lies in the presence of immiscible layers of water: surface — desalinated, saturated with oxygen, deep — saltier, oxygen-free.
The area is 422,000 km2.
The maximum depth is 2,210 m.
Salinity — upper waters 18%, lower layers 22‰
Minerals: oil, natural gas, titanium magnetite sand.
The Black Sea coast of Turkey mostly has steep slopes. The sea is not popular among tourists because it is colder than others: in summer the water warms up to + 25C, in winter to +9C. The swimming season is shorter than in the south of the country. Mostly lovers of wildlife, rafting and hiking come here. Naval bases of the Turkish Navy are located in the cities of Samsun and Sinop.
Photos of the Black Sea coast of Turkey
The city of Trabzon is of the greatest interest. It is comfortably located at the mouth of the Muchka River, at the foot of majestic mountains. You should not count on a beach holiday. The coast here is rocky, in breakwaters, because the water is choppy. More interesting entertainment awaits you here.
Among the historical sights are monuments of Byzantine architecture: the former Hagia Sophia, the Cathedral of Panagia Chrysokephalos (today Fatiha Mosque), the churches of St. Anna and St. Eugene (Yeni Juma Mosque), the rock monastery of Panagia Sumela, as well as the ancient city walls.
Be sure to try the local cuisine, which is somewhat different from the rest of Turkey. Climb Mount Boztepe, which offers a magnificent panorama of the city. Trabzon is worth recommending for a quiet family or romantic vacation. There are good hotels here, prices are lower, and there are few tourists.
The Mediterranean Sea (Akdeniz)
It enters the Atlantic Ocean, to which it is connected by the Strait of Gibraltar. It is located between Europe, Africa and Asia. The coastal lines are diverse from gentle bays to rugged sheer cliffs. There are many islands, the largest of them are Cyprus, Sicily, and Crete. The Mediterranean climate is subtropical. It is characterized by hot, dry summers, mild winters with frequent storms and heavy rainfall.
The fauna is rich in species diversity: crayfish, white-bellied seals, oysters, crabs, jellyfish, corals, sea turtles and more than 550 species of fish.
The area is 2,500,000 km2.
The maximum depth is 5,121 m.
Salinity — increases from west to east from 36 to 39.5 ‰
The Turkish coast of the Mediterranean Sea is one big resort: from Marmaris to the beloved Antalya Bay and the city of Mersin. In summer, the average water temperature is +27C, in winter +17C. That is, individual citizens may well go into the sea for a short time and swim even in winter.
Photos of the Mediterranean coast of Turkey
The Aegean Sea (Ege Denizi)
Semi-enclosed, connected to the Mediterranean Sea, belongs to the Atlantic Ocean. Washes the shores Greece and Turkey. The shores are rocky with numerous low mountain ranges. The landscapes are semi-desert. The average water temperature of the upper waters is +13 °C in winter and +23.5 °C in summer. Passenger and cargo traffic is high in the Aegean Sea. The largest ports are Izmir (Turkey), Piraeus and Thessaloniki (Greece).
The area is 179,000 km2.
The maximum depth is 2,529 m.
Salinity — 37.0-40.0 ‰
Did you know that the Britannic floating hospital (the third and last ship of the Olympic class, the twin brother of the Titanic) sank in the waters of the Aegean Sea.
Photos of the Aegean Sea
The Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi)
It enters the Atlantic Ocean, washes only the Turkish shores of the European and Asian parts. It is connected to the Black Sea by the Bosphorus Strait, and to the Aegean by the Dardanelles Strait. It got its name because marble was mined here on the island of Marmara. Now the Marmara Sea is used for shipping and fishing. In winter, the surface water temperature is +9 °C, in summer up to +29 °C
The area is 11,472 km2.
The maximum depth is 1,355 m.
Salinity — surface waters 26 %, bottom waters up to 38 ‰
Photos of the Marmara Sea
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